| Abstract: |
The unprecedented proliferation of single-use face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has generated millions of tonnes of polypropylene-based waste, presenting a critical environmental challenge. Simultaneously, the construction industry remains one of the largest consumers of natural aggregates and a significant contributor to carbon emissions. This review paper presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of published research (2018–2024) examining the combined utilization of shredded face mask fibers (FMF), recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), and silica fume (SF) or silica sand as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete production. Through systematic synthesis of over 30 peer-reviewed studies, this paper evaluates the mechanical, durability, and sustainability performance of such composite mixes. Results indicate that FMF inclusion at 0.5–1.5% by weight improves tensile splitting strength and reduces brittleness, while RCA substitution at 25–50% remains feasible without substantial loss of compressive strength when coupled with silica additives. Silica fume at 10–15% replacement of cement significantly improves interfacial transition zone (ITZ) quality, mitigating the weakness typically associated with RCA. The combined ternary system demonstrates considerable promise in achieving circular economy goals, reducing landfill waste, lowering carbon footprints, and producing structurally adequate concrete for non-structural and semi-structural applications. |
