| Abstract: |
The construction industry is increasingly shifting toward sustainable materials to reduce environmental degradation caused by cement production. This empirical study investigates the structural performance of sustainable concrete prepared using Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as partial cement replacement materials. The study evaluates compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, workability, and durability characteristics of concrete mixes with varying replacement percentages. Experimental observations were collected from laboratory testing of concrete specimens cured for 7, 14, and 28 days. Statistical analysis was performed using mean comparison, standard deviation analysis, and regression interpretation to determine the optimum replacement ratio. The findings indicate that a balanced combination of Fly Ash and GGBS significantly improves long-term strength, reduces permeability, and enhances durability while lowering carbon emissions associated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The optimum mix containing 20% Fly Ash and 30% GGBS demonstrated superior compressive strength and durability performance compared with conventional concrete. The study also reveals that sustainable concrete reduces heat of hydration and improves microstructural bonding, thereby increasing structural life. Comparative analysis with earlier studies confirmed the reliability and applicability of Fly Ash-GGBS concrete in modern infrastructure development. The research contributes toward sustainable infrastructure practices and recommends wider implementation of industrial by-products in concrete structures for eco-friendly construction. |
